Numer 1/2023

Purpose: The aim of this academic article is to analyze and evaluate the tax and balance sheet valuation of sale-and-leaseback agreements for lessees, based on a case study. Sale and leaseback, being one of the financing methods, allows companies to increase their financial liquidity and optimize asset management. The subject of the study is the impact of this method on the tax situation and balance sheet of the company. Design/methodology/approach: In the article, a detailed description of sale-and-leaseback agreements, their advantages, and legal and economic consequences is presented. The research is based on a case study of a real company that decided to implement a sale-and-leaseback agreement in order to improve its financial situation. Findings: As a result of the research, the author identifies key aspects related to the tax and balance sheet valuation of sale-and-leaseback agreements and presents practical recommendations for entrepreneurs. Through the analysis, the author demonstrates that sale and leaseback has an impact on the financial performance of a company as well as its tax burden. It is also shown that proper preparation and implementation of a lease agreement can lead to favorable tax and balance sheet effects, which translates into increased competitiveness of the company in the market. Moreover, the study results indicate the need to consider the specifics of sale and leaseback when developing a company’s financial strategy and maintaining accounting records. Research limitations/implications: The results are based on the analysis of a single company, which may limit their overall representativeness. As a result, the conclusions may not be fully transferable to other organizations, especially those with different structures, sizes, or industries. Originality/value: The value of the study lies in combining theoretical knowledge with economic practice, which translates into useful recommendations for entrepreneurs and financial advisors. The obtained results allow for a better understanding of sale and leaseback as a financial tool and its impact on the competitiveness of companies. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of proper preparation and implementation of lease agreements and points to possibilities for optimizing tax and balance sheet management in the context of sale and leaseback. The article makes an original contribution to the literature by exploring the practical implications of sale and leaseback for lessees and developing an understanding of the associated tax and balance sheet consequences, serving as a valuable reference point for future research in this area.

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to assess the financial standing of penny companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach: To determine the financial condition of the analyzed entities, the evaluation system was used in two analytical dimensions, i.e. economic and financial analysis in the area of operational efficiency, debt, financial liquidity and profitability, as well as statistical measures to assess the diversity of individual indicators. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that penny companies, to a large extent, were not characterized by a high degree of indebtedness, low financial liquidity or a lack of profits, which characterizes entities threatened with bankruptcy. Research limitations/implications: The result of the analysis carried out entitles us to conclude that penny companies are not entities that can be categorically classified as entities threatened with bankruptcy. Originality/value: The article is a study on the results of research in the area of the financial condition of penny companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

Purpose: On the one hand, to characterize two approaches to managing organizational conflicts, i.e. classical and turquoise ones, and to compare their features, and on the other – their initial empirical verification, i.e. to analyze their application in a large local government administration office. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical characteristics of both considered approaches were developed based on a comparative analysis of the literature on the subject. The basic tools of the empirical research were two questionnaires addressed to managers employed in the considered office, necessary to identify their approaches to managing organizational conflicts. Findings: As a result, a comparative analysis of both considered approaches to conflicts, i.e. traditional and turquoise ones, was made and the extent to which they are used in the analyzed office was assessed. Research limitations/implications: Narrow scope of empirical research. Originality/value: It may be expected that the author’s original analysis will contribute to a comprehensive explanation of the features of both approaches as well as to a remarkable improvement of the conflict management processes in practice.